Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about substance use and abuse Essay

In discovering about substance use and abuse one issue encountered are the inevitable ethical issues that occur. In Mestel and Concar’s study for example, sensitive data was collected. Sharing this sensitive data wit hthe researchers may have caused participants unnecessary anxiety or embarrassment if for example the urine test showed that they had used cocaine. This inevitably leads to ethical issues due to the unpleasant emotions participants may have been subjected to. Similarly in Robinson et al’s study, participants may have experienced unpleasant emotions such as embarrassment and ill ease as a result of the personal nature of the questions asked. From the two studies we can see that ethics is often a factor when exploring the issue of substance use and abuse however substance abuse is, by definition, against social expectations and consequently is always likely to incur ethical dilemmas when researchers attempt to discover substance use and abuse. Another difficulty incurred when attempting to explore substance use and abuse is social desirability. Social desirability is the term given to the situation in which people give answers that are contrary or different to their beliefs because their alternative answer is more socially acceptable. In Moolchan et al’s study for example personal data was collected and in order to present themselves in abetter light people may have lied when giving their answer – responding by saying that their parent didn’t smoke when in fact they did for example. Similarly in Lando’s study baseline data was collected by asking participants to keep a diary detailing their smoking for one week. Participants may have recorded false information because they felt this false information would be more socially acceptable. Social desirability can lead to results which are invalid and resultantly lead to a lack of validity as the study will not record peoples true response. Another difficulty in discovering substance use and abuse is the issue of generalisability. Generalisability is the term used to define the extent to which results from one sample of participants can be applied to wider groups. In Griffiths study for example the findings may not be able to generalised to a country such as Australia as the sample used was not representative. Similarly Murray’s study conducted in 1988 had a sample which was exclusively composed of adolescents and consequently it could not be applied to the wider population. In reality however a study is likely to never be truly representative to a global extent and in doing so such a diverse sample may make it hard for clear results to be distinguished due to cultural differences. Research into substance use and abuse may also incur the difficulty of ethnocentric bias. This is the tendency to perceive the world from you own cultural group, such as your wthnic group. The issue of ethnocentric bias can be seen in Gomels study. Gomel looked at a workplace in which smoking had been banned and how this related to the reduction in substance use (smoking). The study can be een to be ethnocentrically biased because it was conducted in one workplace in Australia. Ethnocentric bias can result in research that is not applicable to the larger population as the results from this study may not be found to be the same if it was conducted in Australia for example. c) Many people resolve to give up smoking each new year. With middle aged women specifically in mind suggest one psychological technique which would be useful to help them in their attempts to stop smoking. Give reasons for your answer. In attempting to stop smoking one technique which may be useful is the use of self help groups. Self help groups are support circles where each member is also attempting to quit smoking. As Moolchan discovered in his study, women who smoke are likely to be socially skilled and confident and so may find a group therapy useful where they can support and gain support from other women in the group who are in a socially similar position to themselves. Group therapy may also be effective in helping a middle aged woman quit smoking as she may make friends with people in the group and thus turn to them for support as she would turn to a friend outside of the group. The clear difference however would be that the person in the group would be going through the same experience as the middle aged woman and so would be able to identify with her. Those in the support group may also acknowledge an element of competition each one wanting to continue to stop smoking so they remain in the group. For this variety of reasons a support group is likely to be the most effective strategy in supporting a middle aged woman who is giving up smoking.

Human resource management Essay

1. How can human resource management contribute to a company’s success? Human resource can contribute to a company’s success in that, it helps the organization motivate people ensuring that their goals are met and satisfied, individual’s goals or needs could vary from money, self-realization, learning, developing and more so growing as an individual. 2. Imagine that a small manufacturing company decides to invest in a materials resource planning (MRP) system. This is a computerized information system that improves efficiency by automating such work as planning needs for resources, ordering materials, and scheduling work on the shop floor. The company hopes that with the new MRP system, it can grow by quickly and efficiently processing small orders for a variety of products. Which of the human resource functions are likely to be affected by this change? How can human resource management help the organization carry out this change successfully? The human resource functions likely to be affected by almost all nine functions of Human resources. The design of work would need to be considered in a new light than it was before the change in systems. The human resource management job would change itself as it’d become automated, Recruitment, selection, hiring as well as training would require some modifications. Performance management would need to be reevaluated because of the changes from the new system. Human resource management can help the organization carry out the change successfully by using its knowledge of individual’s behavior as well as performance management tools so as to help the organization to manage the process in a productive manner. 3. What skills are important for success in human resource management? Which of these skills are already strengths of yours? Which would you like to develop? The skills important for Human resource management are as follows: * Organizational * Business Ethics * Communication * Multitasking * Dedication * Decision making skills * Leadership skills * Technical skills All of these skills are strengths of mine; however, I need to improve on my leadership skills as well as my technical skills to keep me updated on new techniques. 3. Traditionally, human resource management practices were developed and administered by the company’s human resource department. Line managers are now playing a major role in developing and implementing HRM practices. Why do you think non-HR managers are becoming more involved? Line managers are becoming involved in the development and implementations of human resource management practices because the information from line managers is needed to determine policies and practices that would be used to reinforce the day to day needs of the organization 5. If you were to start a business, which aspects of human resource management would you want to entrust to specialists? Why? If I were to start a business, the aspects of human resource management which I would entrust to specialists are Administrative services and transactions, which would take care of hiring employees and answering questions. I chose this aspect because, with the knowledge of my business, the human resource specialist will be in a better position to find the qualified applicants. 6. Why do all managers and supervisors need knowledge and skills related to human resource management? All managers and supervisors need knowledge and skills related to human resource management because; some of their responsibilities are usually closely related with the functions of human resource managers, such as interviewing candidates, providing training, analyzing employees work. Taking a close look at their jobs, managers and supervisors are sometimes the face of the company to their employees. 7. Federal law requires that employers not discriminate on the basis of a person’s race, sex, national origin, or age over 40. Is this also an ethical requirement? A competitive requirement? Explain. In my opinion, it is not an ethical requirement because ethics simply refers to the principles of knowing what is right and what is wrong. Further, organizations have to adhere to laws and regulations which are put in place. It is not a competitive requirement either because; most people would rather work for a company who they can trust. If the company is operating on an unethical manner, its might be detriment to the company and if they operate in an ethical manner, then the company would benefit from that. 8. When a restaurant employee slipped on spilled soup and fell, requiring the evening off to recover, the owner realized that workplace safety was an issue to which she had not devoted much time. A friend warned the owner that if she started creating a lot of safety rules and procedures, she would lose her focus on customers and might jeopardize the future of the restaurant. The safety problem is beginning to feel like an ethical dilemma. Suggest some ways the restaurant owner might address this dilemma. What aspects of human resource management are involved? The restaurant owner may address this dilemma by acquiring some knowledge on the values of safety training as safety is important for workers as well as the customers. If the owner views the safety training as an addition to value to the restaurant, the owner may be able to get over any fears and worries associated with this dilemma. The area of human resource management that could be involved would be the training and development function. 9. Does a career in human resource management, based on this chapter’s description, appeal to you? Why or why not? No, a career in human resource management does not appeal to me, this is because, I have career aspirations which does not fall under any aspects of Human resource management.

Dead Stars Essay

1. Is the title â€Å"Dead Stars† appropriate for the story? Justify. Yes, the title Dead Star is very appropriate for the story. In the story, dead stars symbolize a dream for something that is nonexistent. Alfredo loved Julia. She was his dream, his star. He thought there was love there. But like a dead star which is far away, and whose shine could actually be the leftover traveling light from it, he was a long way from getting the girl. And when the time came that they parted from each other, Alfredo kept on wishing to be with Julia but when finally they met again, he realized that the love he thought was possible was in fact, never was. The spark that he saw in his star was gone a long time ago even before he realized it. When he was with Julia after many years of separation, it was then that he learned that all along, he was dreaming for a love that was only an illusion, he was dreaming for a dead star. 2. What Filipino practices are evident in the story â€Å"How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife†? Perhaps one of the most evident Filipino practices shown in the story is the formal introduction of the wife-to-be to the parents of the man before the actual wedding. This is done as part of giving respect to the parents and also to get their blessings. This is a very important Filipino trait and it still done until now although there are instances that it is neglected. Another is the prevailing rule of the father in the family which is the common arrangement of the family system here in the Philippines. It was also shown in the story the tendency of the Filipinos to test the girl or boy so as tofind out his/her real personality and intentions. This was greatly depicted in the character of Leon’s father through Leon’s brother. 3. Does Filipino custom explains that love is absent when you don’t see the person? Filipinos are best known for being loyal people especially when it comes to love. This is mainly because our culture dictates that loving should be in this way, with all honesty and loyalty and being stick-to-one no matter what the hindrances there may be. These hindrances may include the long  distance between two lovers but still the relationship grows stronger because of the distance and this is one proof that even when we Filipinos don’t see our love ones, we still continue to love them deeply. In the case of Alfredo and Julia in the story Dead Stars, Alfredo had only thought that it was love that he had for Julia but in fact it was only a misconception and misinterpretation. So, the question could not be applied to them because at the first place, it wasn’t love that Alfredo felt for Julia before they were separated. However, there are really instances when love fades away due to the long absence of our love ones. This is only a case to case basis and it does not generalized the Filipinos. To answer the question, I would say no for love is not grounded in physical presence only. Personally, I would say that love for another continues to live even when the person is not present as long as it is being acknowledged and appreciated, otherwise, it will fade away.

HMO versus Personality and Psychological Assessments Essay

HMO versus Personality and Psychological Assessments - Essay Example â€Å"gut feeling† to evaluate the state of mind or personality characteristics of another, objective personality tests increase the accuracy of a personality test, and decrease the bias of an observer and or tester, from confounding the results of the test. Studies consistently show that individual judgments are sensitive to error based on socio-cultural, biological, personal, environmental and other contextual influences. At an unconscious level, the human observer filters information (i.e., perceives it) though biases created through personal belief systems, values, attitudes, incomplete knowledge, and distractions in the environment (PAN, 2005). However, this does not imply that personality tests are able to take the place of the professional judgment of the therapist/analyst. The personality test is not usually completed in isolation to other measures to determine aspect of the personality, as well as other sources of information (e.g., personal interview, GP diagnosis, input from family and friends, other psychometric tests). Personality tests can be assured of their validity and reliability when they have been professionally designed, and scored and interpreted by individuals trained to do so. Though these measures, a professional therapist/analyst is able to draw informed conclusions in a holistic manner, about the whole person, at this point in time. With ensured high accuracy and consistency in scoring and outcomes, a fairer personality test allows an employer to increase the likelihood they will recruit personal who align with their job role, and the employer is better able to determine training needs, to proved the most appropriate form of training, and is able to evaluate the training methods as well as the hired and trained personal (PAN, 2005; Perry, 1992). This is the result of years, sometimes decades of empirical research testing and retesting the construction, reliability and validity of the test. A study by Vujanovic, Zvolensky, Bernstein,

Property Sales and Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Property Sales and Marketing - Essay Example The next step is to get a HIP before a real estate agent can take on marketing aspect of the sale. The HIP or Home information Pack is a must for houses being sold in Wales and England. This ensures that complete information is available on the market. According to law a HIP should contain key information on the property being marketed and must be provided by the seller’s agent. The HIP ensures that there are no confusions about property being sold in minds of the buyers and give buyers important information at start of the sales process. Therefore there are fewer chances of delays etc because of misinterpretation of information. A very comprehensive way of gathering information about a property is through a property questionnaire. This is a document filled in by prospective home seller and contains information such as property size, expected value, items available, condition, any issues etc. This questionnaire must accompany EPC (Energy Performance Report), Sustainability certificate (for new homes only) and sale statement of address. The sale statement of address must include the name of seller, title and address etc. The agent must make sure that seller ha submitted copies of original documents which show ownership of the property. These official copies are usually held by the land registry. Some time properties are mortgaged etc. Evidence of this extra information that includes any other tenancies affecting the property must be gathered as well. After gathering all related documents about the property, agent should conduct a survey to ensure all the information checks out. This survey would usually inclu de a complete house check and a visit to local authorities. The real skills of each sales agent is seen when he has to market a sales, therefore each real estate broker has to be as creative as possible, in order to gain a competitive edge over rivals. There are a number of marketing

Benefits Management Plan for the Perth Arena Project Case Study - 1

Benefits Management Plan for the Perth Arena Project - Case Study Example The completion of Perth Arena program will be of great benefit to the entire indoor games on the basis of the infrastructure. If charges of both hosting the events and entry charges will be too high, the program is liable to fail since they will consider using other cheaper grounds irrespective of the available shortcomings. The maintenance of the arena will be quite sensitive. The arena will be preferred due to its infrastructure. All the services linked with the arena will have to be of high standard so as the project to succeed. The arena’s success will be greatly determined by the arena’s management. The main problem with this project will be competition. Although the project has a competition advantage based on its infrastructure pricing will make it face competition from arenas which charge cheaply. However, the arena will be preferred in holding international events over other arenas or fields in Australia. This implies that this is a golden opportunity that the arena has.1

Gestational Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gestational Diabetes - Essay Example The condition often leads to the development of glucose intolerance among women with GDM, and at least 50% of those developing the intolerance become diabetic in a period of 5-10 years (Perry et al., 2011). GDM risk factors include obesity, maternal age (higher risk at >30), family history of diabetes and a medical history of birth anomalies, miscarriage or still births. Other risk factors include glucosuria, hypertension and monilial vaginitis (Perry et al., 2011). The mechanism underlying the condition is a result of multiple factors including changes in nutrient demands by the fetus. These changes that begin in the late second trimester induce maternal sustenance of high blood glucose. Pregnancy placental hormones are responsible for the antagonism of insulin and cortisol, which results in the insulin resistance and less entry of glucose into cells. Normal body functioning elicits higher insulin production to compensate the resistance, and when this fails GDM occurs (Perry et al., 2011). GDM often leads to further health complications including hypertension, episiotomy and perineal lacerations. The high levels of insulin stimulate faster growth, which often leads to macrosomia that necessitates caesarian births (Perry et al., 2011). The induced high insulin production among the babies born after GDM often leads to hypoglycemia. Ideally, all women should be screened for GDM, and this can be done either through laboratory tests, clinical risk factors or medical and family history. It is essential for women with a family history of diabetes as well as obese and overweight women to undergo laboratory test. The same is recommendable for women aged above 25 and with a history of obstetric conditions associated with GDM. The laboratory tests include fasting glucose test, random glucose test and two-hour postprandial test (Perry et al., 2011). Antepartum Interventions: GDM treatment interventions begin immediately through insulin

Accounting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Accounting - Case Study Example Case in point, the author ought to get 80% of the tender. Redone showcasing battles are essential for this situation to enhance productivity. More also, it is central for the author to be dynamic in advancements. To expand eminences, books ought not to be sold straight forwardly to retailers on a refundable basis. Furthermore, short rebates are vital so as to augment sovereignties. Specifically, an organization can be spoken to through a blend of three primary components: 2) administration exercises, That can be recognized in operational and vital. Functional activities are normally short term situated and concentrated on proficient use of accessible organization assets (e.g., gear, human good). Control costs. The point of interest of controlling costs is that for each money you spare by reducing a price, there will be an additional money in benefits, Reduce promoting expenses, Manage your stock, Develop a database, Seek add-on deals (McGee and Preobragenskaya 2). Nearby its current item run; that Slim Choice embrace a crisp and sound picture and be advanced in the media utilizing thin, vigorous and youthful models; Dont stretch out credit to moderate clients. Diminish credit terms. Enhance endeavors to gather obligations i.e. enlist a debt gathering office. Offer rebates to right on time

Citizen involvement with their law enforcement agency Essay

Citizen involvement with their law enforcement agency - Essay Example Citizen involvement in the law enforcement agencies is something that is in a way well ingrained in the American law enforcement mechanisms (Marx & Archer, 1971, p. 52). In the nascent era of American civilization, whenever the citizens felt that there is a lot of crime that threatens their well being, their property, there sense of peace and the values and norms they cherished as individuals and groups, varied types of initiatives used to be engaged in that involved a close collaboration with the law enforcement agencies (Marx & Archer, 1971, p. 52). In the 9/11 scenario, when the law enforcement agencies are hard pressed in terms of time, resources and personnel, soliciting citizen involvement could turn out to be a viable way out of this crunch. Introduction There is no denying the fact that citizen involvement in the law enforcement agencies tend to involve a range of possibilities and ambiguities as to the role that the citizens play in law enforcement. The biggest premise that supports such line of reasoning is the belief that citizens may be more than happy to engage with the law enforcement agencies. Such discussion tend to take it for granted that it is possible for the citizens and the neighbourhoods and the law enforcement agencies to work in close tandem and coordination to deal with law enforcement issues and problems. Such forums also talk about the possible way that the law enforcement agencies could help in the development of the neighbourhoods. Yet, the reality is that much research and surveys do tend to convey the fact that soliciting citizens’ involvement in the law and order problems is something that is easier said than done. Well, both the sides that are the neighbourhoods and the law enforcement agencies happen to be responsible for this lacuna. While, on the one side if citizens feel scared and threatened by the possibility of engaging in law and order issues, the law and order agencies also sometimes evince a scarce initiative t o organize and retain active community participation in their day to day affairs. However, in the last few decades a belief has emerged amongst the law and orders agencies that the onus of crime prevention happens to a large extent being dependent on the communities and the law and order bodies are mostly required to play an ancillary role in the task of maintaining social harmony and peace. Hence, in the current times when the law and order agencies are hard pressed for personnel and resources, citizen involvement could indeed emerge to a potential game changer. Citizen Involvement It goes without saying that citizens can play a pivotal role in the working of law enforcement agencies in a variety of ways. The citizens could supplement and assist the law enforcement agencies in the carrying out of their duties, without putting any unnecessary burden on the budgetary resources (Wadington, 1999). Citizens can assist organizations in a variety of ways that includes, resident policing o f communities, citizen surveillance of neighbourhoods aimed at reporting any suspicious activities to the law enforcement agencies, citizen patrols aimed at bolstering the neighbourhood confidence, citizen initiatives aimed at prying on and reporting about specific types of criminal activities, clerical or supportive administrative chores, extending support to the victims of crime, as reserves, computer programming, translation services, and support extended

Classmate review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classmate review - Essay Example In terms of market value total, Lowe’s is valued at over 66 billion dollars, which his a little under half the valuation of Home Depot. All other competitors are valued at less than 20 percent of Lowe’s. In early 2015, Lowe’s growth rate was 23.5 percent compared to 19.4 percent for Home Depot (Zacks.com, 2015). Since 2009, Lowe’s has increased revenue by eight million dollars, doubled earnings per share, almost tripled return on equity and increased cash flow and return on assets (S&P Capital IQ, 2015). Since Lowe’s outlook is directly linked to the housing market and economy, the opportunity for growth has improved over the past 18 months. As of June 30th, BMO Capital upgraded Lowe’s from market perform to outperform, and stated the Lowe’s stock is 45 percent higher than the lowest point over the last 52 weeks (Brian, 2015). Additionally, Lowe’s financial position has increased over the past six years, which was also during the late stage of the housing crash and eventual rebound. Improvement during those times provides optimism for the current economic situation. Lowe’s is a three-star ranking, an A- in the earnings and dividends rank, has low volatility, and bearish but is only a 31 percent in terms of relative strength. Given the increased housing market, financial position, and economic outlook, Lowe’s is predicted to increase earnings and appears to be a solid investment opportunity. Brian, C. (2015). Upgrade Alert for Lowes (LOW)." SmarTrend Market Maven 30 June 2015. Business Insights: Global. Web. 2 July 2015. Retrieved from http://bi.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/global/article/GALE|A419930355/876418cde7877f9275adfcadbfe58b3a?u=vic_liberty The writer had enough emphasis on the type of business Lowe Companies, Inc. do. There was also mention of the competitors that the company

Performance Management at Bolts Convenience Stores Essay Example for Free

Performance Management at Bolts Convenience Stores Essay Subject area – The case throws light on performance management in general and performance appraisal in a specific Indian context, its linkages with various other HR systems in an organization and the various issues and challenges attached with it. The case is especially suited for understanding people management in small organizations and organizations in emerging markets. Study level/applicability – This case has been tried and tested in the classroom setting with management students pursuing a post graduate diploma in business management (PGDBM). The case has been administered to students in Chennai Business School, Chennai in their core course human resource management (first year PGDBM) and to second year students specializing in HR in their course â€Å"Performance management and compensation management† in G D Goenka World Institute, Sohna. Case overview – The case is set in the southern part of India in a retailing organization which grew from a small retail store catering to the daily needs of the student community to a four store retail store (Bolts). Mr Andrew (Head, HR), introduced performance management and appraisal at Bolts. Since the appraisal was interrelated with various other HR systems like motivation, compensation, training and development and promotions, it generated a lot of excitement among the employees. After implementation of performance appraisal, the organization seems to experience one problem after another. There were complaints from customers, followed by a range of challenges such as discontented employees, unprofessional behavior, low motivation in the organization and loss of profit. Expected learning outcomes – Understand and analyze the performance management in general and performance appraisal in a specific Indian context, its linkages with various other HR systems in organization and the various issues and challenges attached with it. Understand people management in small organizations and organizations in emerging markets. Assess and identify HR practitioners problems in studying SMEs HR related problems in an Indian context.

Management Information System Essay Example for Free

Management Information System Essay Question 1 : In the 21st century, information technology has emerged as the fundamental technology of business. Explain how it has helped business and state examples of real time situation which you have read about of experienced. Decision Support, Problem Analysis and Overall Control Business managers often need to make decisions that can affect the business fortunes one way or other. For example, a company with sales outlets or distributors spread over a wide geographic area might want to optimize the logistical operations of delivering merchandise to the outlets. The best solution might be affected by numerous factors such as demand patterns, availability of merchandise, distances involved and the option of using external carriers (who can find two way loads and might prove a lesser cost option over long distances) instead of own vehicles. While it might be possible to use complex mathematical formulas by hand to compute the best solution, computers transform the whole process into a routine task of feeding certain information as input and obtaining suggestions for best solutions as output. The task can typically be done in a few minutes (instead of hours or even days) and it becomes possible to examine several alternatives before deciding upon one that seems most realistic. Identifying problems and analysing the factors that cause them also has been transformed by modern computer information systems. In a typical MIS environment, standard reports are generated in a routine manner comparing actual performance against original estimates. The software that generates the report can be instructed to highlight exceptions, i.e. significant variations between original estimates and actual performance. Managers will thus become aware of problem areas in the daily course of their work simply by looking at the reports they receive, without having to do detailed data collection and computations themselves. Identifying the factors responsible for the problem can also be routinized to some extent by using such tools as variance analysis. Variance analysis is an element of standard costing system that splits deviations from estimates (or standards) into causative factors such as increase in price of materials used, excessive usage of materials, unexpected machine downtimes, etc. With such a detailed report, managers can delve deeper into the problem factor, such as why there was excessive usage of materials. Control is also exercised through variance analysis. Budgets are prepared for all business operations by concerned managers working in a coordinated fashion. For example, estimated sales volumes will determine the levels of production; production levels will determine raw material purchases; and so on. With good information system management, it then becomes possible to generate timely reports comparing actual sales, production, raw material deliveries, etc against estimated levels. The reports will help managers to keep a watch on things and take corrective action quickly. For example, the production manager will become aware of falling sales (or rising sales) of particular products and can prepare to make adjustments in production schedules, and purchasing and inventory managers will become quickly aware of any mounting inventories of unused materials. MIS thus enhances the quality of communication all around and can significantly improve the effectiveness of operations control. Effective MIS Involves Humans and Computers Working together The major aspect to note is that MIS provides only the information; it is the responsibility of concerned managers to act on the information. It is the synergy between efficient, accurate and speedy equipment and humans with common sense, intelligence and judgment that really gives power to MIS. As a chartered accountant with business management qualifications and decades of exposure to business in senior to top level positions, Gopinathan helps small to medium businesses with new business start-up, business performance improvement and marketing. He uses structured business modelling techniques to help with all these, and has launched a business support website to provide the help in a convenient manner irrespective of geographical distances and boundaries. Significance Information technology has grown to permeate the business world, affecting how companies make and market their products, as well as how people communicate and accomplish their jobs in modern organizations. Specialized software shapes best-practices and industry standards, continually changing the face of business in almost every way. Information technology management includes many of the basic functions of management, such as staffing, organizing, budgeting and control, but it also has functions that are unique to IT, such as software development, change management, network planning and tech support. Generally, IT is used by organizations to support and compliment their business operations. The advantages brought about by having a dedicated IT department are too great for most organizations to pass up. Some organizations actually use IT as the centre of their business. Positive Impact on Business: First off, I.T. affects how businesses go about with their usual routine. For instance: the technology allows companies to go paperless, depending only on digital databases to store important data. Many pundits see this as a risk; isn’t digital data flimsy and unreliable, they ask. But the shift offers several benefits as well—including reduction in operational cost, since the business no longer has to buy or rent space or equipment just to store data. Information Technology also affects the accuracy of business operations. When a company uses a computerized accounting system instead of relying on a real live accountant, they eliminate (or, at the very least, significantly reduce) human error. And because such systems allow for faster operations, the company’s workers can concentrate on more pressing tasks. The impact of the Management Information System The impact of MIS on the functions is in its management. With a good MIS support, the management of marketing, finance, production and personnel becomes more efficient, the tracking and monitoring the functional targets becomes easy. The functional managers are informed about the progress, achievements and shortfalls in the activity and the targets. The manager is kept alert by providing certain information indicating the probable trends in the various aspects of business. This helps in forecasting and long-term perspective planning. The manager attention is brought to a situation which is exceptional in nature, inducing him to take an action or a decision in the matter. A disciplined information reporting system creates a structured database and a knowledge base for all the people in the organization. The information is available in such a form that it can be used straight away or by blending and analysis, saving the managers valuable time. The MIS creates another impact in the organization which relates to the understanding of the business itself. The MIS begins with the definition of a data entity and its attributes. It uses a dictionary of data, entity and attributes, respectively, designed for information generation in the organization. Since all the information systems use the dictionary, there is common understanding of terms and terminology in the organization bringing clarity in the communication and a similar understanding of an event in the organization. The MIS calls for a systemization of the business operations for an effective system design. This leads to streamlining of the operations which complicate the system design. It improves the administration of the business by bringing a discipline in its operations everybody is required to follow and use systems and procedures. This process brings a high degree of professionalism in the business operations. Since the goals and objective of the MIS are the products of business goals and objectives, it helps indirectly to pull the entire organization in one direction towards the corporate goals and objectives by providing the relevant information to the people in the organization. A well designed system with a focus on the manager makes an impact on the managerial efficiency. The fund of information motivates an enlightened manager to use a variety of tools of the management. It helps him to resort to such exercises as experimentation and modelling. The use of computers enables him to use the tools and techniques which are impossible to use manually. The ready-made packages make this task simpler. The impact is on the managerial ability to perform. It improv es the decision making ability considerably. Communications Technology Leveraging advances in communications technology is imperative to surviving in the modern business world. Advances in cellular phone technology have revolutionized the way businesspeople communicate with clients, employees, suppliers and strategic partners. The Internet has revolutionized the marketing function in addition to opening up a wide range of communication options. Modern smartphones are changing the game yet again with the introduction of new and innovative applications. A small business owner can now access a web-based customer relationship management service on a smartphone from anywhere in the world, for example, allowing him to obtain vital data about contacts before making calls. Accessibility By making communication more convenient, communication technology has helped to make communication more accessible, especially long-distance communication. Through various computer-mediated communication methodscommunication done through the use of a computer, such as email, instant messages, and social networking websitesyou can easily and instantly communicate with people in other cities, states and countries. This is vastly different from early forms of long-distance communication. Early forms of long-distance communication included the use of homing pigeons and/or runners to carry a message to its destination. How long a message would take before reaching its destination depended on the distance between the person sending the message and the person receiving the message. Mass Communication Organizations, like schools and businesses, use electronic communication to share information with a large number of people. Businesses can send mass emails to employees in order to inform workers about things like rule changes and important meetings. Many academic institutions use mass communication in order to maintain a well-informed campus. In case of an emergency, such as a spreading fire or presence of an armed assailant, mass communication can quickly inform people of the situation, giving enough notice to allow people to take the necessary actions to stay safe. Computer-mediated communication can be socially beneficial. For people who are socially awkward, computer-mediated communication such as online forums and chat rooms can help create a more fulfilling social life. For example, someone who fails at personal relationships because he speaks before thinking about the consequences has more control with Internet communication. He can read back his statements before posting, which will likely reduce the number of awkward moments the person creates. Communication technology offers other benefits, as well. Dating websites, for instance, can relieve some of the frustration involved with dating by allowing you to view the profiles of potential dates so you can determine who is the best match for you. This can save you both time and heartbreak. Considerations While information technology solutions can contribute to the success of your organization, there are a number of unique costs to consider. In addition to the cost of implementing an IT solution, you must employ highly educated and specialized workers to maintain, monitor, expand and repair your IT infrastructure. Question 4 : The role of hospital has changed from medical assistance to health care. What are the important information systems required to be considered while implementing front-end application development for hospital management? HOSPITAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (HIS) A hospital information system (HIS) is essentially a computer system that can manage all the information to allow health care providers to do their jobs effectively. These systems have been around since they were first introduced in the 1960s and have evolved with time and the modernization of healthcare facilities. The computers were not as fast in those days and they were not able to provide information in real time as they do today. The staff used them primarily for managing billing and hospital inventory. All this has changed now, and today hospital information systems include the integration of all clinical, financial and administrative applications. Modern HIS includes many applications addressing the needs of various departments in a hospital. They manage the data related to the clinic, finance department, laboratory, nursing, pharmacy and also the radiology and pathology departments. The hospitals that have switched to HIS have access to quick and reliable information including patients’ records illustrating details about their demographics, gender, age etc. By a simple click of the mouse they receive important data pertaining to hospital finance systems, diet of patients, and even the distribution of medications. With this information they can monitor drug usage in the facility and improve its effectiveness. Many hospitals have as many as 200 disparate systems combined into their HIS. Hospital information systems have become very advanced and new innovations are continuously being introduced. But a HIS is useless if it confuses the hospital employees. The system must be user friendly and should include training by the vendors. A good HIS offers numerous benefits to a hospital including but not limited to the delivery of quality patient care and better financial management. The HIS should also be patient centric, medical staff centric, affordable and scalable. The technology changes quickly and if the system is not flexible it will not be able to accommodate hospital growth. COMPONENTS It can be composed of one or a few software components with specialty-specific extensions as well as of a large variety of sub-systems in medical specialties * Laboratory Information System (LIS) * Radiology Information System (RIS) * Clinical Information System (CIS) * Nursing Information Systems (NIS) * Pharmacy Information System (PIS) SOFTWARE COMPONENT Software Component is a system element offering a predefined service or event, and able to communicate with other components. It should be : * Multiple-use * Non-context-specific * Compostable with other components (inter relationship with other components) * Encapsulated i.e., non-investigable through its interfaces * A unit of independent deployment and versioning Laboratory Information System (LIS) Laboratory Information System (LIS) is a software based laboratory and information management system that offers a set of key features that support a modern laboratorys operations. Those key features include but are not limited to workflow and data tracking support, flexible architecture, and smart data exchange interfaces, which fully support its use in regulated environments. The features and uses of a LIMS have evolved over the years from simple sample tracking to an enterprise resource planning tool that manages multiple aspects of laboratory informatics. Due to the rapid pace at which laboratories and their data management needs shift, the definition of LIMS has become somewhat controversial. As the needs of the modern laboratory vary widely from lab to lab, what is needed from a laboratory information management system also shifts. The end result: the definition of a LIMS will shift based on who you ask and what their vision of the modern lab. Radiology Information System (RIS) A radiology information system (RIS) is a networked software suite for managing medical imagery and associated data. An RIS is especially useful for managing radiological records and associated data in a multiple locations and is often used in conjunction with a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) to manage work flow and billing. An RIS has several basic functions: Patient management * An RIS can track a patient’s entire workflow within the radiology department; images and reports can be added to and retrieved from electronic medical records (EMRs) and viewed by authorized radiology staff. Scheduling * Appointments can be made for both in- and out-patients with specific radiology staff. Patient tracking * A patient’s entire radiology history can be tracked from admission to discharge. The history can be coordinated with past, present and future appointments. Results reporting * An RIS can generate statistical reports for a single patient, group of patients or particular procedure. Film tracking * An RIS can track individual films and their associate data. Billing * An RIS facilitates detailed financial record-keeping, electronic payments and automated claims submission. Clinical Information System (CIS) Clinical Information System is a collection of various information technology applications that provides a centralized repository of information related to patient care across distributed locations. This repository represents the patients history of illnesses and interactions with providers by encoding knowledge capable of helping clinicians decide about the patients condition, treatment options, and wellness activities. The repository also encodes the status of decisions, actions underway for those decisions, and relevant information that can help in performing those actions. The database could also hold other information about the patient, including genetic, environmental, and social contexts. Features : * access the medical literature * ask clinical or administrative questions of aggregates of patient data, * receive automatic warnings or suggestions when the patients data satisfy certain logical rules * receive critiques when proposing therapies or ordering diagnostic tests, * access guidelines for standards of care * analyse trade-offs and the likelihood of alternative outcomes (decision analysis) * receive lists of differential diagnoses Nursing Information System (NIS) Nursing information systems is a type of health care management system. It helps nurses use their nursing skills and computer knowledge within a health care environment. A nursing information system has different features and benefits. Features Nurses can self-schedule work hours based on their work shift and departmental needs. Staff nurse managers or nursing administrators can review each nurses schedule and make approvals. Another nursing information system feature includes documenting patient care plans. Benefits One nursing information system benefit includes saving time. For instance, nursing managers can confirm a nurses work availability without contacting each nurse. Nurses can review a patients treatment plan when working outside the office, such as a home care nurse. Pharmacy Information System (PIS) Pharmacy information systems (PIS) are complex computer systems that have been designed to meet the needs of a pharmacy department. Through the use of such systems, pharmacists can supervise and have inputs on how medication is used in a hospital. Some of the activities which Pharmacy Information Systems have been employed in pharmacy departments include: Clinical Screening The Pharmacy Information System can assist in patient care by the monitoring of drug interactions, drug allergies and other possible medication-related complications. When a prescription order is entered, the system can check to see if there are any interactions between two or more drugs taken by the patient simultaneously or with any typical food, any known allergies to the drug, and if the appropriate dosage has been given based on the patient’s age, weight and other physiologic factors. Alerts and flags come up when the system picks up any of these. Prescription Management The Pharmacy Information System can also be used to manage prescription for inpatients and/or outpatients. When prescription orders are received, the orders are matched to available pharmaceutical products and then dispensed accordingly depending on whether the patient is an inpatient or outpatient. It is possible to track all prescriptions passed through the system from who prescribed the drug, when it was prescribed to when it was dispensed. It is also possible to print out prescription labels and instructions on how medication should be taken based on the prescription. Inventory Management Pharmacies require a continuous inventory culture in order to ensure that drugs do not go out of stock. This is made even more difficult when there are multiple dispensing points. When don manually it is very difficult to maintain an accurate inventory. Pharmacy Information Systems aid inventory management by maintaining an internal inventory of all pharmaceutical products, providing alerts when the quantity of an item is below a set quantity and providing an electronic ordering system that recommends the ordering of the affected item and with the appropriate quantity from approved suppliers. Patient Drug Profiles These are patient profiles managed by the Pharmacy Information System and contain details of their current and past medications, known allergies and physiological parameters. These profiles are used for used for clinical screening anytime a prescription is ordered for the patient. Report Generation Most Pharmacy Information Systems can generate reports which range from determining medication usage patterns in the hospital to the cost of drugs purchased and /or dispensed. Interactivity with other systems It is important that Pharmacy Information Systems should be able to interact with other available systems such as the clinical information systems to receive prescription orders and financial information system for billing and charging.

The History Of Hospitality Importance Tourism Essay

The History Of Hospitality Importance Tourism Essay The hospitality industry is a business which provides transitional or short-term lodging with or without, food. It is one of the most fast growing industries in the world. This industry is made up of many professions, some of these professions include; chefs, general managers, owners of their own business, a director of marketing or an event managers all working together to produce good quality services to their customers. A service is a type of economic activity that is intangible; it is not stored and does not result in ownership, delivering this service in the industry include people like, hotel maids or housekeeping, gardeners and receptionist all which are employed and overseen by the manager of the industry. The roles of the employees in the hospitality industry are very important, they are the ones which carries out the good service towards the customers so that they can give good feedback and encourages their friends and family to come. There are 5 characteristics of service are The guest input are very important in the hospitality industry, so this industry always strives for outstanding guest satisfaction which will lead to the loyalty of the guest and well profited products. In order to ensure that your hospitality business is successfully providing good service, these steps must be followed: Focus on the guest; make sure that their needs and wants come first since they are the ones spending money. Understand the role of the guest-contact employee. Weave a service culture into education and training systems Emphasize high-touch instead of just high-tech Thrive on change, which means always be willing to make step up your game and get new ideas. Giving good service in the hospitality industry is a very difficult task. According to Horst Schulze- there are three aspects of service: Service should be defected free Service should be timely People should care He also quoted that all hospitality business should be doing four things Keeping guest as equals, meaning trust you and happy to form a relationship with you Find new guest Get as much money as you can from them without losing him/her Create efficiencies All which cannot be possible without delivering good quality service in the industry. According to William B. Martin, it is what hospitality is all about and what we do. One essential difference between the hospitality business and other business is that in hospitality we are selling intangible and perishable products. Part 2 what are the pros and cons of community based tourism What are pros and cons? Pros and cons are the positive and negative of an idea or thing. Pros are the positive and cons are negative. What is community based tourism? This type of tourism is about the allowance of tourist to some untouched areas which is very sensitive to the impact of nature. It allows the tourist to discover our local habitats and celebrate and respect our traditional cultures and rituals and enjoy the wildlife. Community based tourism is the same as environmental tourism. The pros of community based tourism represents the positive aspects and essentials about this type of tourism, It details on the benefits it provides to the community the tourism is in. some positive aspects of community based tourism bring the locals to the awareness of all community problems, the tourist may very well feel compelled to bring back some positive actions to the environment and its easy to start a fundraising stuff that tourist will pay for like camp sites and park entry fees. Some other pros of communication based tourism include; The money gained from community based tourism goes back into the conservation of the area The wildlife habitat is protected so that it can attract these types of tourist. All visitors will be educated on these attractions while visiting the site Some visitors carry back the knowledge they gain from their experience to their own community/environment. More natural habitats are being reserved. The cons of community based tourism sheds a light on the negative aspects which this tourism brings; Pollution- pollution maybe the biggest negative aspects on community based tourism, this includes waste, physical damaged and noise. Waste- Tourists normally pack disposables when planning for a strip, which cause landfills. Physical damage- the destroying of flora and fauna for animal accommodations Noise- loud noises may scare animals out of the area. The locals of the environment can generate revenues from showing tourist around the attractions. Tourism Attraction Factors of the Caribbean Tourism has become a very important part of the Caribbean. It has benefited the Caribbean in many ways such as providing the Caribbean people with jobs, promotion of the island and pride in which they gained from seeing how the tourist loved hearing about their cultural activities and history. Tourism is one of the main reasons why some of these islands are developed ain beauty and has a profitable growth to their economy. The Caribbean has become one of the most popular exotic destinations for the Americans and Europeans. There are many different types of tourism that can be found in the Caribbean such as; adventure tourism which details activities such as coastline surfing, exploring the jungle and diving in the reefs, there is eco-tourism which basically involves the environment, it consist of site seeing of the islands nature and wildlife, you then have agro-tourism formally known as agricultural tourism which is the visiting of farms for the job experience or just for the enjoym ent, sex tourism which is about tourist travelling for sexual activities, sports tourism which is when tourist travel to watch or part take in sporting events. Here in the Caribbean we have attractions for all different types of people and personalities, since tourist normally search for the factors that best fulfils their personality. Tourism has become quite successful in the Caribbean and is constantly growing. Here are some factors that attract tourism to the Caribbean; The cost-The cost of travelling to the Caribbean comparing to other countries located in Europe, Asia and Latin America is cheaper and more affordable. This has become an essential factor in tourism growth in the Caribbean. Ease of access- The Caribbean is accessed quickly and easier to tourist from the northern hemisphere like North America. This has become another essential factor that has been benefiting the growth of tourism in the Caribbean. Accommodation The Caribbean has been developing a number of accommodations which has become a factor which has been benefiting the growth of tourism in the Caribbean. Reputation The Caribbean has been a destination of choice in being a tourism product from the 1800s, and its beautiful resorts and relaxing environments has been apart of their history. The good reputation of the Caribbean has a tourism destination has been a essential factor in the growth of tourism in the Caribbean Pleasing weather- this is the warm sunlight which is one of the most important attraction factors in the Caribbean that every tourist looks forwards to while travelling to the Caribbean islands. Hospitality is the duty of the country being visited. The tourist should be treated as a friend and the service provider should be courteous and welcoming. The Caribbean islands have been historically popular with the tourist from America, Canada and Europe. During the world recession in 2010 the Caribbean tourism product slowed but remained its strength in percentage. Part 3 Report The Goblin hill hotel, Port Antonio, Portland The hospitality industry deals with people, good service and product and delivering that good service to the people via hotels, restaurants, spas and inns, the most important thing in the hospitality industry is keeping the customers happy and always satisfied by always delivering good quality services and making the product worth paying for. When tourist come to our resort they mostly go for the enjoyment of the great view of the beach, a wonderful environment up in the hills not too far of the main but quiet, and the enjoyment of nature trailing which leads to a rain forest. The hotel is filled with beautiful floral arrangements and great employees with wonderful working personalities built especially to please the guest of the hotel. When visiting the Goblin hill hotel the warm welcome of the receptionists alone will make you happier of your decision to stay at the hotel. Both employees and manager all work together to complete a simple but difficult aim which is to serve the gues t with the service the deserved and expect. The manager shared her views on how she runs her hotel and her chain of employees and the duties and responsibilities they carry out each day to keep the hotel in order. The manager uses advertising mostly for her marketing tool at her hotel. Advertising is what works best for goblin hill hotel, we advertise using brochures and the internet. The manager at the goblin hotel is in charge of everything, but divides these responsibilities to make them easier to be done. The general role of the manager of the Goblin hill hotel (in the hospitality industry) is to ensure that the basic function of a hotel is up to standards, such as to make sure that the guest needs are put first and to ensure that they get total satisfactory in getting their money worth and also the functions of all employees are being carried out and/or complete. These are some of the responsibilities the manager of the goblin hill hotel; Planning and designing accommodations Carrying out inspection of property and service Dealing with contracts and supplies Recruiting and monitoring staff Addressing problems with staff and also guest Ensuring security is effective Planning work schedule for staff The manager wants to make sure that all these operations are being carried out while still making a profit. The manager is also responsible for the marketing of the hotel. The hotel consists of many jobs and responsibilities that should be carried out every day to keep the hotel running smoothly. In the hospitality industry there are a lot of jobs offered to locals. At the Goblin hill, employees are to make that each of their jobs are being done to suit the manager so that the hotel can be comfortable and well satisfactory towards the customers expectations. Producing a pleasant smile when a customer is approaching, speaking in perfect English so that they could understand and communicate with you as an employee or service provider is some of the inequalities that an you should/must in entering in to the hospitality industry. At the goblin hotel there is a beautiful view of the ocean and the garden. Here are some jobs that are offered by a hotel; Receptionist- a receptionist of the hotel usually takes care of the front desk, they are normally the first person you see and speak to upon entering the hotel to check in for a room or your reservations. They are responsible for keeping at all times the appearance of being productive and assertively punctual, other responsibilities of an receptionist are; Making of bookings Answering phones Making to the various government Arranging business conferences and executing them Doing of transcripts and upgrading analysis Bell-hop- a bell hop literally becomes your assistant as you enter the hotel or step out of the transportation. Here are some responsibilities of a bell hop; Accompanies guest to their rooms Clean pools Assists guest and house keepers Turn on lights House keeper- the house keepers are the persons who provide breakfast, lunch and dinner for all guest if necessary. They clean the villas, front office and also the guest clothing if requested. Maintenance- They ensures that all electronics and mechanical stuff stay in shape at the goblin hill hotel. Gardener- They prides their selves at the goblin hill hotel on their flora and fauna arrangement so that the gardens of the hotel maintain its beauty. Having a business in the hospitality industry comes with a lot of competitors some better than you and some worst, but you should always be ready for a change or always ensure that season tourist still wants to visit your resort. Conclusion This projects details the importance of the delivering good services in the hospitality industry and how two essays about the factors that attract tourist to the Caribbean and the positive and negative aspects of community based tourism. It tells what community based tourism is and how it benefits the environments in which it resides. It also showed the roles and responsibilities of a manager within the hospitality industry and the jobs they offer.

Teenage Suicide Essay -- Teenage Suicide Essays

Teenage suicide has become a critical, national problem the extent of which is mind boggling. From 1980 to 1992 the rate of suicides involving persons from the ages of 10-14 years old has increased by 120 percent, and has increased 28.3 percent when involving persons from the ages of 15-19 years old (Suicide 451). More recently in a poll of 3,210 high-school honor students, a stunning one-quarter have seriously considered suicide (Eaton 15). Suicides have been proven to be one of the leading causes of death among teens, falling second only to accidents (Roberts 45). This data, however, may be inaccurate, being that deaths labeled accidental may have actually been teen suicides. Also, many families may not want to report suicides or suicide attempts for the fear of embarrassment. Nevertheless, there is extensive proof that suicide attempts and/or successes are on the rise among teenagers, and numerous groups have devoted themselves to establishing a cause to this epidemic. The one si milarity that all of these different groups seem to agree on is that there is not one single theory that explains the growing phenomenon of teenage suicide. However, a number of factors seem to be common among â€Å"at-risk teens,† factors that, if given the right set of circumstances, could put them in jeopardy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of and seemingly the most common of these factors is depression. According to the National Association for Mental Health, nearly 20 percent of those who receive care for depression in hospitals and clinics are under the age of eighteen (Leder 31). Everyone has different reasons for being depressed and the extent of that depression will also vary from person to person. Some common causes of depression that have been found to lead to suicide attempts are not feeling loved and/or understood, the feeling of rejection, trouble with friends and family, or the feeling of being â€Å"no good.† A loss, (as in the death of a loved one, divorce, or the breakup up with a boyfriend/girlfriend) Has also been found to link depression and suicide (Leder 34).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychologists and doctors have also realized that having numerous psychological problems, known as â€Å"conduct disorders,† causes teens to have impulsive behavior. This impulsive behavior can cause them to act violent... ... a sense of identity is often pretty shacked and fragile during adolescence, feelings of not being worth much in one’s parents eyes won’t help a young person’s self-esteem. In extreme cases the adolescent may look upon himself, as being despicable and worthless, and learn to hate himself, when he is unable able to reach their goals (Hafen 95). The Youth Suicide National Center feels that â€Å"few of them [adolescents] have found ways of dealing with the lack of self esteem and when these feelings overwhelm them, they believe there is something very wrong with them.† (qtd. in Hafen 23).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After reading numerous books and articles, the plain, but simple truth is that no one knows exactly why teenagers kill themselves. Psychiatrists have, however, reached the conclusion that in a society where adolescents have been exposed to many adult pressures and stresses, they may not be able to cope. Some of the most common causes of stress revolve around family situations, social problems, depression, developmental factors, and other factors associated with adolescents. It is this unbearable stress that leads them to the act of suicide.

Training and Development is said to be beneficial for both firms and em

Training and development is said to have a positive impact for both firms and employees, this essay will explain the terms â€Å"Training and Development† and look at the advantages and disadvantages for the Employer and employees. One of the biggest limitations of â€Å"Training and Development† is how the impact of training and development on productivity and profit is measured for organisations and individuals. This essay will therefore attempt to address the â€Å"Why then are some organisations and individuals reluctant to invest in training?† since training and development is said to be beneficial to both parties. Assuming the long term benefits of training and development can be measured by quality or profit, and then the advantages for both the employee and employer will prove satisfactory. A relevant point that will be made is that more research needs to be done on the benefits of investing in training and development for both parties and how it affects productivity positively. The HR literature sees training as the â€Å"vital component† in organisational processes of cultural change and an important behavioural device in terms of securing workforce commitment (Keep 1989). It also refers to it as the process of imparting specific skills at one point in time, it could be an on the job training or off the job training either academic or online courses. (Laird et al. 2002) goes further to define it as the acquisition of technology that permits employees to perform to standard. Not all training researchers distinguish between training and development; they can be interchangeable and tend to overlap themselves. For (Nadler, 1970) in his Developing Human Resources, he defined Development as being concerned with preparing the employee so they ca... ... their skills. For example in the United Kingdom 77% of UK jobs are in the service sector which focuses mainly on low paid and low skilled jobs In conclusion, this essay has highlighted the benefits of training and development to the employee and employer. However at its peak most of the benefits are suitable for firms that have quality has their benchmark not cost being one of the reasons why most firms do not train. The essay went further to attempt the question on why some organisations and individuals are reluctant to invest in training by pointing out that despite all the potential benefits of training and development it is not easy to gauge the benefits and contribution it makes to the individual and organisations as discussed above. Employers are largely involved in a market of low value added service and do not necessarily need a large skilled force.

Airport Security and the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) E

Abstract Through the history of aviation the importance of airport security has steadily increased. Since the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, many changes have taken place at airports to prevent such an attack from occurring again. The purpose of this paper is to: outline airport security procedures, discuss the different technologies involved with airport security, as well as examine the components of airport security. In addition I will also discuss the Transportation Security Administration’s role in our nation’s airport security. Airport Security   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Airport Security is a necessity of Life both in America and through out the world. Without airport security our airports would not be able to function and terrorist attacks resembling those of September 11th, 2001, would be more common place. Passengers would be afraid to fly in fear of such a terrorist attack happening again. The airline industry would lose more revenue from lost ticket sales. Then the airports themselves would lose money from the lack of passengers boarding through their gates. Finally this lack of security would trickle down to the entire economy not only in the communities surrounding the airport and aviation industry, but to the nation’s economy as well. To keep this economic failure associated with another terrorist attack from happening, our nation must take the appropriate measures to prevent it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Airport security procedures are designed to deter, prevent, and respond to criminal acts that may affect safety and security of the traveling public† Wells and Young (2004, p. 280). In order for this to happen, airports must become more proactive instead of reactive to possible threats such as: hijacking, explosive devices on aircraft or any other possible criminal act that could happen aboard an aircraft. To accomplish President George W. Bush signed into effect the Aviation and Transportation security Act, on November 19th, 2001. This act was a result of the September 11th, 2001, terrorist attacks, and from this act the Transportation Security Administration was formed. Transportation Security Information   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The purpose of the TSA is to protect all of the nation’s transportation systems to ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce. Commercial aviation has been a long-standing target for terrorists. Since the tragic attacks of September 11, 2001, subst... ...om key entry to combination locks, to advanced identification authentication machines. Security lighting may also be used to aid in perimeter security. It is located and around heavy traffic areas, aircraft service areas, as well as other operations and maintenance areas. Patrolling by airport security and staff as well as local law enforcement agencies may also be used to secure the perimeter around an airport.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper has covered the many different aspects of airport security. It is important to keep in mind that procedures, regulations, and technology associated with airport security are in a state of constant change. However, it is through these changes that our nation’s airports will show a steady improvement towards the safety and security of the passengers that visit them. References Transportation Security Administration. (2004, February 20). Capps II at a glance. Retrieved from Transportation Security Administration Web Site: http://www.tsa.gov/public/display?theme=5&content0900051980088d91 Wells, A. T., & Young, S. B. (2004). Airport Security ch. 8. In L. Hagar (Ed.), Airport Planning and Management (5 ed., pp. 279-307). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Korean Clothing Shop in Auckland Am

Assignment 1 Organisation Background -Korean Cloth Shop- 21201043 Kendrick Oh [TABLE OF CONTENT] Headings Page 1. Introduction 1. 1 Organization & Product and Services 1. 2 Company’s Vision and Mission 1. 3 Market Profile 1. 4 Corporate Objectives 2. Contents 2. 1 Corporate Strategy 2. 2 Marketing Strategy 2. 3 Strategic linkage/relationship between corporate & marketing strategies 2. 4 Scope of Marketing Strategy 3. Summary 4. Reference 1. Introduction . 1 Organisation & Product and Services Source: http://www. google. co. nz/imghp? hl=en&tab=ii ‘AM’ was built by CEO Kim in the middle of Elliott Street, Auckland, New Zealand, started to build its reputation since 2003. It is a Korean fashion style cloth shop and Kim named it ‘AM’ because the word literally means ‘identity’. And now it became one of the most popular Korean cloths shop in Auckland city. ‘Am’ mainly sells Korean style fashion cloths in Auckland. However, they started to extent their range of products handling accessories such as bags, hats and shoesrecently.The range of their products is now targeting teenage groups and up to age of 30’smen and women who are interested in wearing fashionable cloths. The ownership belongs to CEO Kim and below theCEO, there is three Chinese staffs composited of one duty manager and 2 staffs who are operating the shop from 10:00am to 7:00pm. ‘Am’ does not have other franchise or partnership in Auckland however; they sell brand clothes and accessories from directly imported from Korea market. ‘Am’ values the quality of product and providing fashionable wearing in Auckland.It pays huge attention to the new fashion trends and trying to get high quality cloths from branding cloth companies with great reputation from Korea. 1. 2 Vision and Mission Vision According to Strategic Management-competitiveness and globalisation, (Hanson, Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2011, page 18) visio n is â€Å"A picture of what the firm wants to be and, in broad terms, what it wants to ultimately achieve†. It basically means that when a company has clear and good vision, the company is more likely to focus on achieving its goals. The vision of ‘Am’ is simple which is, To become a leader of fashion trend and introducing Korean fashion in NZ market. † Mission Below the vision, missions specify the business in which the firm intends to compete and the customers it intends to serve (Hanson, Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2011, page 18-19). In other words, they are bundles of objectives to achieve their vision. The Missions of ‘Am’ are; -To build cooperative relationships between the suppliers and the company. – To introduce Korean trends to young groups in NZ market. -To continue to develop markets and extend the company throughout NZ. 1. 3 Market profileAccording to statistics NZ, Asian ethnic group was New Zealand's fourth largest major ethnic group after European, Maori, and Other Ethnicity, totalling 354,552 people (9. 2 percent) in 2006. And Two-thirds of people (66. 1 percent or 234,222 people) who identified with one or more Asian ethnic group(s) usually lived in the Auckland Region(Statistics NZ, 2006). As you can see from the chart, there was huge change of number of Korean in NZ. Chinese were always number one group in NZ and both Chinese and Korean know well each other in culture, therefore the main target markets are Chinese and Koreans. lt;Source from Statistics NZ Census 2006; 1. 4 Corporate Objectives According to Jim Riley, Corporate objectives are statements of specific outcomes that the firms want to achieve in relation of business as a whole. (Tutor2u, 2012) The corporate objectives are similar to those missions of ‘Am’. -To increase sales by selling Korean fashion cloths through the Auckland market. – To increase the reputation of ‘Am’ among young international gr oup and become as a representative brand in NZ market. 2. Content 2. 1 Corporate StrategyCorporate strategy is the overall scope and direction of a company to achieve goals. (Business Dictionary, 2013) Stabilize the current position and build higher reputation in Auckland Market Make profit and survive in the market Hire more employees and extend the size of the shop 2003 2005 2007 Become a leading company in fashion industry in Auckland 2009 2. 2 Marketing Strategy Product Am’s products are composited of four main brands; ‘CC Collect’, ‘EnC’, ‘96ny’ and ‘Top girl’ which are famous brand among 20~30 aged woman in Korean market.These brands guarantee high quality and great fashion sense of cloths. For women, ‘Am’ provides -Skirt -Mink Coat -Jackets -Shirt -Shoes -Jeans -Skinny pants -One piece -Accessories (Hats, necklace and etc. ) For Men, -Pants -Jackets -Shoes -Shirts -Belts Distribution The distribution syst em of ‘Am’ is very distinctive compared to other shops in Auckland. Unlike other shops in Auckland clothing shops, the CEO of ‘Am’ Kim, goes to Korea four times a year to look at the products and visits four brands shops in the market.Whenever Kim visits Korea, he looks around at the trends of fashion air in market and analyzes it by running through the market and chooses his own products to sell with his 20 years of experience. If he finds the products among four brands which he think they have competiveness in market, he orders the products and sends them directly from Korea to Auckland. By the time when Kim comes back from Korea, within 1 or 2 week, products he ordered arrive to his shop and after that, staffs display them and sell the products to customers in the market.Look at the Market in Korea Order the products v Receive the Products Display the Products Sells the Products Choose the products Place ‘Am’ is located at Crown plaza, middl e of Elliot Street where most of young generation groups of people visit to shop for clothing accessories in Auckland. Target Market As mentioned above, ‘The Asian ethnic group was New Zealand's fourth largest major ethnic group after European, Maori, and Other Ethnicity, totaling 354,552 people (9. 2 percent) in 2006.And according to Statistics New Zealand, there was a high proportion of young adults in the Asian ethnic group, with 3 in 10 people (31. 0 percent) aged between 15 and 29 years. Am’ aims young Chinese and Korean men and women who are aged between 18~30 in Auckland. However, if we look at the chart below, most of the main customers who visit ‘Am’ are Chinese by 80% followed by Koreans 15 percent. 2. 3 Strategic Linkage According to statistics NZ Reference http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/objectives. htm

Repression in Russia in the period 1900-1929 Essay

Why did the rulers of Russia so often resort to repression in the period 1900-1929? Repression was used under both Nicholas 2 and the Bolsheviks to control the Russian population. The liberal methods employed preceding both governments (Alexander 2 and the Provisional Government respectively) failed completely and discouraged any other form of liberal or democratic controls. The strict extremist ideologies of both the Tsarist and Bolshevik regimes also necessitated violent repression to ensure total compliance. This was needed due to the major political upheavals taking place – the decline of Tsarism despite Nicholas’ determination to continue his autocratic rule and the rise of Bolshevism to replace it meant that both parties needed to take a very harsh line. This was exacerbated by the fact that neither party came to power with the ‘legitimate vote’ of the public and so faced strong opposition that they wished to eliminate. Conflict, in the form of Civil War and the Great War, was an apparent complication in both regimes. This caused additional economic disarray and social disruption, hindering the plans of the 2 major governments of this era. Consequently this encouraged the use of repression in an attempt to resurrect the country and increase their power. Further difficulties during this period were caused by Russia’s long term long problems, particularly the vast land area and a high percentage of distinct ethnic minorities causing a lack of cohesion and sense of national identity. Bad communications and retardation of industrialisation meant poor social conditions which led to vocal rebellious groups requiring violent put downs i.e. repression. Russia, at this time, appeared ungovernable without resorting to repression and dictation. Repression was seeded by the lack of an alternative available to Russian rulers at this time. The Bolsheviks were further discouraged from democracy by the failure of the Provincial Government after just 6 months in 1917. The refusal of this government to use repression was highlighted by some of the reforms they undertook – abolition of capital punishment and closure of the Okhrana (secret police) and the Cossacks. Lack of army support due to the Petrograd Soviet agreement made control harder as the problems left by the Tsar (economic collapse and rebellious minorities) could not be dealt with. The public began to realise that authority could be easily flouted without the threat of punishment. Consequently, Lenin realised that coercion was required to rule Russia and that repression through the Army could be achieved when his slogan ‘All power to the Soviet’ was realised. Alexander 2, grandfather to Nicholas 2, was seen as the ‘reforming Tsar’- mainly due to his emancipation of the serfs in 1861. He was assassinated by a party representing these very people at the 7th such attempt. Nicholas 2 realised (as the failure of the Provincial Government was to do for the Bolsheviks) that power was questioned when repression was not implemented. Although Lenin also used repression, the similarity in personalities between Nicholas 2 and Stalin meant that both used similar methods. Both were intensely paranoid about the public’s perception that they were weak. To disprove this, both resorted to violent repressive tactics. Repression under Lenin was more calculated – he talked of the ‘coercion’ needed for the ‘transition from capitalism to communism’. Both governments were autocratic and wished to impose extreme ideologies and therefore required total support which they believed was only achievable by quashing any opposition. Total control was to be achieved by the Tsar’s ‘divine right’ to have this and by the Bolshevik’s through their classless, one party state. This was shown when Lenin forcibly disbanded the constitution in 1918, because the Bolsheviks would not have had the majority vote they needed for the total control they sought. As a result Lenin became the leader of the only powerful party- the Communists. Later, Stalin increased his control through purges within his own government – ensuring his role as the absolute leader – reflecting the Tsar’s goal of omnipotence following the Fundamental Laws. The Tsar required repression of the peasantry (80% of the population) whereas the Bolshevik’s faced opposition from the middle and upper classes. Tsarism relied heavily on religion (the Russian Orthodox Church/ROC) to control the people whereas the Bolsheviks saw this as a threat. The ROC taught that the Tsar was ‘God on earth’ in an attempt to indoctrinate the peasantry to such an extent that they would do as he commanded. Important ministers were often associated with the Church e.g. Pobiedonotstev. After the downfall of Tsarism, Lenin proclaimed the Marxist theory that religion was ‘the opium of the people’ and proceeded to turn repression onto the church to rid Russia of this perceived powerful opponent to the communist system. Stalin continued the destruction of religion in Russia through the assassination of any cleric he felt had too much influence. The Tsar and the Bolsheviks both faced threatening opposition. The Tsar’s opponents ranged from the peasant-based Social Revolutionaries (who would later become the Bolsheviks opponents) to the Bolsheviks themselves – supported by the working class. The failure of the 1905 revolution after the intervention of the Okhrana and army showed that the Tsar could not have retained power without repression. The Okhrana were also used to rid Russia of revolutionaries – such as Lenin himself. The Bolsheviks shared the problems caused by the ethnic minorities and their wish for independence. However, The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk weakened this opposition for the Bolsheviks after it removed 25% of Russian land – mainly that housing the minorities. Both regimes faced a wide range of opposition, prompting repression to remove the greatest threats – such as the dissolution of the SR-dominated constitution in 1918. Lenin reduced the power of the elite by taking their property and institutions from them. Stalin continued and extended the use of repression – eliminating any minor threat, including members of the Communist Party in his ‘Great Purges’ Conflict encouraged the rulers during this period to resort to repression. The Tsar faced the Russo-Japanese war and the Great War during his reign. The Bolsheviks had to contend with a Civil War. In both cases, repression was used to evoke loyalty and force unification. The Cossacks and Ohkrana were fundamental to the suppression of objectors to the Tsar, as were the Bolshevik equivalents, the Cheka. The Cheka aided Bolshevik victory in the Civil War and were then used by Lenin to forcibly take grain for the soldiers under the Grain Requisition Act despite the distress caused to the peasants. The Tsar also used repression to keep Russia fighting in the Great War – including the silencing of anti-war parties and also opposition to the mandatory food rationing by a hungry people. Despite these efforts, war finally brought the downfall of Tsarism after mass desertion from the army effectively took away the last prop of the old regime. The Bolsheviks however, emerged successfully from the Civil War allowing them to consolidate their new-found power with the use of additional repression. Retarded Industrialisation was a long-term problem that is still felt by Russia today. The Tsar attempted to improve Russia’s industrial affluence whilst maintaining control by repressing the working classes to prevent them revolting. To do this, he banned trade unions and imprisoned the leaders. The Communists also attempted to improve Russia’s industrial situation- through the conversion from capitalism to communism. The Tsar sought support from other European countries whereas the Communists violently rejected this policy. This meant that the Communists required a greater level of forced labour (i.e. repression) in order to cope without this aid. Stalin hoped to develop Russia into a ‘superpower’ in his 5-year plans. This involved the use of the forced free labour of non-conformists who were imprisoned in labour camps. The Kulaks (wealthy peasants) were among those sent to such a camp. ‘Collectivisation’ was a re-introduction of the Grain Requisition and an attempt to revolutionise agriculture along Communist lines and resulted in starvation of the rural population. This repression of the peasantry was also evident in the Tsarist regime to prevent unrest. The long-term problems experienced by Russia at this time encouraged the use of repression as a means of control. The huge population spread over a vast land area meant that in addition to the communication problems caused by sheer size and the abundance of minority groups, it was impossible for any government to meet the demands made by all of the people. The Tsar attempted to deal with this through the enforcement of Russfication and sending the army to eliminate any protesters e.g. in Uzbekistan. The Bolsheviks also faced the minority opposition with violent repression – millions of Ukrainians were sent to forced labour camps by Stalin. Prejudice against ethnic groups was rife; anti-Semitism caused repression of Jews under both Tsarist and Bolshevic regimes. Although it can be said that the governments of Nicholas 2, Stalin and to a lesser extent Lenin were repressive by nature, the need for control via repression was inherent within the set up of Russia. Until the fall of communism in Russia in the late 20th century, it was clearly evident that the more lenient governments, such as that of Alexander 2 and Provisional Government were less successful than the more repressive ones although they were hardly given chance to do well, so quick were some to take their place at the first sign of weakness. This acted as an encouragement for the major governments between 1900-1929 to use the secret police, army and threat of imprisonment to deter opposition, repress the peasantry and enforce the ideologies of the government. Repression was imperative for both governments; the Tsarist to cling to power and the Communists to snatch it from them. Both had many unpopular economic, political and social reforms to pass. War highlighted the problems of the country and the presence of strong opposition against both governments. In the view of both it increased the need for repression to realign the economic and social structure. Under both regimes the cause and the effect of repression was the same; it resulted in the death or displacement of many. Unfortunately, it was just a prelude to the terror that was to be experienced during the ‘High-Stalinism’ of the 1930’s. During this decade, 7 million died, mostly after being sent to a labour camp for failing to conform to the Communist ideal of ‘collectivisation’.

Case Study Of Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay

A 55 twelvemonth old male named Nicholas Manners, is admitted to the ward for direction of his high blood pressure. Upon reaching, he appears rather ruddy in the face. He was referred to the exigency section by his GP as he was kicking of a concern and giddiness. He was stabilised and has been transferred to the ward for farther direction. He tells the nurse, he has had a concern for the last three yearss and has had really small slumber. Mr Manners is a Chief executive officer of an advertisement bureau and works long hours. Nicholas has two boies aged 15 & A ; 17 and his married woman Lucy, who is really supportive. Lucy tells the nurse that Nick chows on the tally due to his busy agenda and frequently chows at eating houses when entertaining clients. Nick smokes 10-15 cigarettes/day and has had multiple efforts at discontinuing. He has a household history of coronary arteria disease, his male parent died of a bosom onslaught 5 old ages ago at the age of 75. Observations on admitta nce ; BP 160/90, SaO2 97 % on room air, Temp. 37.1, Pulse 95, RR 19 beats per minute, wt 90 kilogram, ht 170 centimeter, Nil Known Allergies ( Jennings, 2010 ) . Blood force per unit area refers to the measuring of force that is applied to the walls of the arterias as the bosom pumps blood through the organic structure. The force per unit area is determined by the force and the sum of blood pumped, and the size and flexibleness of the arterias. High blood force per unit area, besides known as Hypertension, is considered as above 120/80 mmHg ( PubMed Health, 2011 )PathophysiologyArterial blood force per unit area is a merchandise of cardiac end product and systemic vascular opposition. A alteration in the vascular wall thickness affects the elaboration of peripheral vascular opposition in hypertensive patients. This consequences in the contemplation of moving ridges back to the aorta and hence increasing the systolic blood force per unit area ( Medscape, 2011 ) . Although 90 % of high blood pressure instances, the cause is non truly known ( Moser, p.11 ) , harmonizing to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare ( AIHW ) , the causes of h igh blood force per unit area are both biomedical and lifestyle oriented. Major causes include ; being overweight, dietetic salt consumption, and nutrition forms which involve low consumption of fruit and veggies and an high consumption of saturated fat ( Australian Institue of Health and Welfare,2010 ) . Although most of the clip there are no marks and symptoms, such may happen ; confusion, ear noise or buzzing, weariness, concern, irregular pulse, epistaxis, vision alterations. These marks are known as marks of complication or perilously high blood force per unit area called malignant high blood pressureNursing AppraisalAs a patient is admitted to the infirmary, it is critical to execute a nursing appraisal on admittance to garner baseline readings of the patient. The Systems Approach Framework was used to buttockss Mr Nicholas Manners from caput to toe in a mode of subjective and nonsubjective informations. The classs used are as follows ; Central Nervous System, Cardiovascular S ystem, Respiratory System, Gastrointestinal Tract, Renal System, Integumentary System and Metabolic System. CNS – patient is able to communicate-states he has a concern, assess motion of limbs, esthesis to fringes and trouble if any. CVS – HR 95, BP 160/90, assess capillary refill, patient is red in the face – assess circulation of the remainder of the organic structure including warmth and coloring material. RESP. – RR 19 beats per minute, SaO2 97 % on room air, auscultate his chest- listen for abnormalcies in the lungs as he is a tobacco user, measure his work of external respiration. GIT – farther buttocks appetency and eating wonts, auscultate for intestine sounds, buttocks and record intestine direction. RENAL – buttocks input and end product and record observations if needed, utilizing a unstable balance chart. INTEGUMENTARY – buttocks tegument for cicatrixs, waterlessness, integral and skin turgor. METABOLIC – buttocks Hb, BGL and liver map through a blood trial.Education and Psychosocial supportEducation and support that can be offered to Nicholas to help him in deriving more information and support for his Hypertension include: Dieticians which Nicholas can be referred to during his stay in infirmary, to educate him about a healthy diet and besides supply support. Social worker to supply support for Nicholas and his household if needed. Information brochures can be retreived from the infirmary, to educate Nicholas on Hypertension. Web sites such as Better Health Channel, Hypertension Education Foundation and the Heart Foundation, all provide instruction and information about support for patients about high blood pressure.Nursing DiagnosisGoalsInterventionsRationaleEvaluationIneffective wellness care related to incapableness to change life style Short term: Introduce low-sodium and low fat nutrients into Nicholas ‘ diet Refer Nicholas to a dietitian for instruction of low-sodium and low-fat nutrients. To cut down the sum of high-fat nutrients Nicholas is devouring. Nicholas ‘ diet presently consists of less high-fat nutrients. Short term: Aim to cut down blood force per unit area readings to less than 150/80 by the following GP visit in a hebdomad. Teach Nicholas to take Nicholas ain blood force per unit area daily at place and record it. To brace Nicholas ‘ blood force per unit area at a lower degree. Nicholas ‘ blood force per unit area readings have now stabilised to a lower degree. Long term: Develop a regular exercising program for Nicholas to follow. Promote Nicholas to walk for an hr each twenty-four hours. To promote Nicholas to prosecute in a healthy life style. Nicholas participates in an hr of physical activity each twenty-four hours. Long term: Aim to discontinue smoke in the following 8-12 months. Refer Nicholas to back up plans such as ‘QUIT ‘ to back up and help Nicholas in discontinuing smoke. To cut down Nicholas ‘ hazard of holding blocked arterias and therefore increasing Nicholas blood force per unit area Nicholas has now quit smokeNursing DiagnosisGoalsInterventionsRationaleEvaluationFatigue related to the effects of high blood pressure and the day-to-day life stressors. Short term: Aim to command side effects such as weariness. Educate Nicholas on the side effects, to help him in commanding them. To help Nicholas in deriving cognition of the side effects and how to command them in instance they are experienced after discharge. Nicholas is able to command his small if any side effects experienced. Short term: Aim to keep a stable degree of fluids in the organic structure. Ensure Nicholas drinks plentifulness of H2O throughout the twenty-four hours. To maintain Nicholas hydrous and cut down weariness. Record amounts utilizing a unstable balance chart if needed Nicholas ‘ weariness degrees have decreased as he is imbibing plentifulness of H2O throughout the twenty-four hours. Long term: Reduce the emphasis degrees experienced throughout the twenty-four hours. Discuss emphasis cut downing methods applicable to Nicholas. To cut down the hazard of increasing Nicholas ‘ blood force per unit area. Nicholas has reduced his emphasis degrees utilizing the methods discussed Long term: Develop a healthy feeding program to utilize one time Nicholas is discharged Refer Nicholas to a dietician to help in educating him in the importance of a healthy diet and developing a program. To cut down weariness related to an unhealthy diet. Nicholas has continued his healthy feeding program and does non endure from weariness.Nursing DiagnosisGoalsInterventionsRationaleEvaluationImbalanced nutrition related to deficient cognition of the relationship between diet and the disease Short term: Brace the instabilities of nutrition Provide Nicholas with a scope of fruits and veggies To supply Nicholas with a assortment of foods from a scope of nutrients. Nicholas ‘ diet now chiefly consists of fruit and veggies Short term: To do Nicholas ‘ cognition on the disease Provide Nicholas with information such as booklets about high blood pressure To guarantee Nicholas has a good cognition of high blood pressure Nicholas is now good educated on his disease Long term: To brace Nicholas ‘ weight within 6-8 months of discharge Refer to dietician to measure and supervise his diet and aid with his weight loss To guarantee Nicholas has the support required to run into his end Nicholas is now within a healthy weight scope for his gender, tallness and age Long term: Derive more cognition on the effects of smoke Educate Nicholas on the effects of smoking to his organic structure To guarantee he is cognizant of the harm smoke is making to his organic structure Nicholas is good informed on the effects of smokeNursing DiagnosisGoalsInterventionsRationaleEvaluationNon-compliance related to the side effects of the intervention ( Ackley & A ; Ladwig, p.315 ) Short term: Maintain stableness of side effects Monitor Nicholas and supply advice when non following instructions of intervention To guarantee Nicholas ‘ intervention continues on the right way. Nicholas ‘ side effects have decreased. Short term: Long term: Long term: Maintain conformity of intervention Educate Nicholas on hazards if intervention non followed as required To guarantee Nicholas ‘ wellness does non deteriorate Nicholas is compliant with his interventionDiagnostic TrialsDiagnostic trials that will help with the appraisal and direction of Nicholas include: Electrocardiogram ( ECG ) – This trial determines if the bosom has sustained nay harm due to untreated high blood pressure ( Cardio Connection, n.d ) . This trial assists with the direction of Nicholas ‘ high blood pressure by supplying moving ridges of the electrical current of the bosom. Urinalysis – This trial is used to test the causes of high blood pressure and expression for any harm to the kidneys as a consequence of untreated high blood pressure ( Cardio Connection, n.d ) . The trial assists with the direction to derive information about the wellness of Nicholas ‘ kidneys. Blood Glucose – This trial determines the sugar degrees in the blood and screens for secondary causes of high blood pressure and the hazard factors involved with more accelerated diseases such as diabetes. Both diabetes and high blood pressure are associated with the rapid patterned advance of arterial sclerosis and harm to the kidneys ( Cardio Connection, n.d ) . This assists in keeping a stabile sugar degree of the blood to cut down the hazard of harm to the kidneys. Serum K – This trial looks for a treatable cause of high blood force per unit area and finding the baseline degree prior to utilizing medical specialty for intervention ( Cardio Connection, n.d ) . This assists in finding a baseline to compare to if it were to promote.Hazard AppraisalUpon admittance, a hazard appraisal must be completed to find the patient ‘s hazard of holding a autumn. This appraisal besides assists the nurses in guaranting the patient has their properties or AIDSs within range to guarantee the patient ‘s safety and to diminish their hazard of hurt. The appropriate appraisal tool for Nicholas would be a Falls Risk Assessment Tool ( FRAT ) . This relates to Nicholas as he complained of giddiness and deficiency of slumber. This is needed to measure his hazard of hurt. Mention to Appendix 1 for a Falls Risk Assessment Tool.MedicinesNifedipine – Antihypertensive agent – as stated by Tiziani, 2006 Action: Besides known as Ca adversaries, these agents impede the inflow of Ca ions during depolarization of cardiac and vascular smooth musculus, doing betterment in the myocardial O supply and cardiac end product, and a decrease in myocardial work by cut downing afterload ( Tiziani, 2006 ) Use: Angina pectoris Mild to chair high blood pressure Nicholas has been prescribed this medicine to help with bracing his blood force per unit area. Interactions: Contraindicated with rifampicin May do bosom failure if used with beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agents Serum concentrations may be increased if given with Tagamet, Quinidex or Cardizem. Excessive cardiovascular depression may happen if given with inspiration anesthetics. Adverse effects: Headache, giddiness, dizziness, flushing, weariness, dizziness. Anorexia, sickness, irregularity, abdominal hurting, dry oral cavity. Muscle spasms. Nursing points/precautions: Note and study thorax hurting because thie requires stoping the drug. Patient should be advised to avoid drive or operating machinery if giddiness or dizziness is a job. Caution if used in those with aortal stricture, bosom failure, liver damage, discrepancy or Prinzmental angina, unstable angina, or recent myocardial infarction. Atorvastatin – lipid-regulating agent – as stated by Tiziani, 2006 Action: Reduce cholesterin significantly in patients with type II lipemia and hence besides significantly cut down the hazard of coronary arteria disease Use: Hypercholesterolaemia Nicholas has been prescribed this medicine to take down the entire cholesterin and low-density lipoproteins ( LDL ) Interactions: May addition plasma concentration of Lanoxin, increasing the hazard of toxicity. Caution if used with Tagamet, Aldactone or ketoconazole. Adverse effects: Headache, insomnia. Constipation, flatulency, abdominal hurting, sickness, diarrhea. Back hurting Nursing points/precautions: Liver map trial should be performed before get downing therapy and at 6 and 2 hebdomads, so twice annually. Advise patient to describe any musculus hurting, spasms, tenderness or failing, unease or febrility. Should be withheld if any status occurs that predisposes the patient to rhabdomyolysis, such as injury, sepsis, uncontrolled epilepsy or metabolic, or endocrinal instabilities.